prefix

a series of letters added to the start of the word to make a new word with a new meaning. some examples of prefixes are:
un-/in- = not
over- = too much
under- = too less.
Like a suffix, when a prefix is added to a word, the word becomes a base word.

A prefix is used to change words!

base word

in prefixes and suffixes, a base word is a word which the prefix/suffix is given to.

If it's a prefix, then it goes at the beginning of the base word, if it's a suffix, it goes at the end.

over-

the prefix "over-" basically means too much of something. a PREFIX.

I like overeating! (over- + eating = overeating)

Ummayad Caliphate

The Ummayad Caliphate (in Arabic: الخلافة الأموية: alkhilafat al'umawia) very first of the caliphates. It started in 661 when Ali ibn Abi Talib, the last Rashidun caliph, died. His rival Muawiya started a caliphate that would expand to the borders of Islam. In 711, Tarek ibn Ziyad led a Berber army up into Iberia and won, expelling the Visigoths out of Spain. As the caliphate expanded, it started to get less religious. It was defeated in 750 when Abbasid armies, from their base in Baghdad, attacked with the help of Ummayad rebels in north-east Iran.

The Ummayad Caliphate (661 - 750) was the very first caliphate!

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alif

letter: Alif is the first letter of the semitic abjads, including Phonician 'alep 𐤀, Hebrew aleph א, Syriac 'alap ܐ, Aramaic 'alap 𐡀, and Arabic alif ا.

Alif is spoken in the semitic abjads!

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