When an individual, often researchers and scientists themselves, gets very excited about or amazed at a scientific fact, new discovery, unexplained event or new theory.
Eg.
Person 1: did you hear about the discovery of Promachoteuthis Sulcus? I have a total science boner about it
person 2: yeah man I heard they've only ever found one
Person 1: dude it's awesome it's a squid with teeth like structures
Person 2: wow dude this could change the world of squid research