To humble an arrogant person; To knock someone down a peg; To overshadow another person, particularly someone who is arrogant or someone who has upstaged someone else.
Derived from the semi famous SR-71 groundspeed check story.
Person 1: I just finished another great medium article. Pretty good if I do say so myself.
Person 2: Boy my op ed was just published in The New York Times.
Person 3: Now that's what I call a ground speed check.