An exploded diagram of a part, often giving a number for each individual piece.
It is a term most often seen on websites that sell parts for mechanical systems, like auto parts, computer parts, etc.
Etymology wise, it stems from the term Microfiche.
Joseph: "I need to find this specific bolt for my brake calipers but don't know where to start!"
Grandmom Josephine: "Why don't you find a parts fiche? Then you can move your car out of my driveway..."