Any engine belonging to the third or fourth generation small block family from General Motors. All of these are pushrod V8 engines; they come in several displacements, but most commonly 4.8, 5.3, and 6.0 liters.
Very commonly used in engine swaps due to their small form factor (they can fit in a lot of small engine bays), large power potential (respond great to boost and come stock with cylinder heads that flow very well), cheapness (GM and Chevy used these engines in the majority of their trucks, SUVs and some cars for about 20 years), and great aftermarket support.
Hated by those who get beaten by people with LS swaps.
Dave: What's in your car? Sounds nasty.
Jackson: Swapped in a 6.0 LS engine and added a turbo.
Kenny: I hate LS swaps.
John: Why?
Kenny: I got gapped by someone with one and I'm butthurt.