Thanks for actually searching something serious for once.
3x+1 is a mathematics problem. it goes like this:
take a number. any positive, whole number (not like -34 or 25.7751, but like 4, 39 or 249). if its even divide by two, if its odd, multiply by three and add one (thats what the name comes from). now repeat this, and eventually you should get to one, however this has not been proven even by the best mathematicians out there.
i have to type it here, so i guess: 3x+1